MANIFOLDMATHEMATICS

Structure put to work

Applied Mathematics

Applied mathematics is not diluted mathematics. Modelling a diffusion, discretising an operator or proving a policy converges demands the same rigour — with the added burden that the answer must survive contact with data.

Areas

What the branch covers

01Differential Equations

ODEs and PDEs: the language in which physical law is written, classical through weak solutions.

  • ODEs & dynamical systems
  • Classical PDEs
  • Weak solutions
  • Operator semigroups
  • Stochastic PDEs

02Numerical Analysis

Turning a theorem into an algorithm that terminates, and knowing the error you paid for it.

  • Numerical linear algebra
  • Finite elements
  • Quadrature
  • Stability & convergence
  • Scientific computing

03Probability & Stochastics

Randomness with a σ-algebra under it: martingales, Itô calculus, Feynman–Kac.

  • Measure-theoretic probability
  • Markov processes
  • Stochastic calculus
  • Feynman–Kac
  • Gaussian measures

04Optimisation & Decision

Best, subject to constraints — and what happens when the constraints move.

  • Linear programming
  • Convex optimisation
  • Dynamic programming
  • Rank aggregation
  • Game & choice theory

05Machine Learning Theory

The mathematics underneath the models: Bellman equations, gradients of expectations, policy optimisation.

  • Reinforcement learning
  • Temporal-difference learning
  • Policy gradients
  • Offline methods
  • LLM policy optimisation

06Mathematical Physics

The equations physics hands to mathematics, and what mathematics hands back.

  • Classical mechanics
  • Wave & heat equations
  • Variational principles
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Quantum formalism

Reading

Applied Mathematics in the library

4 titles from the library sit on this branch.

Commentary · Postgraduate

CSIR–UGC NET 2026 — Worked Commentary

Paper of 17 July 2026

All one hundred and twenty items, treated from first principles. Every concept developed in full — no step assumed, no result quoted without its reason.

  • CSIR-NET
  • Solutions
  • All areas
156 pp Read Read-only
Course · PhD & beyond

Reinforcement Learning

From the Bellman Equation to Language Models

A complete course in sequential decision making: dynamic programming, temporal-difference learning, policy gradients, deep RL, offline methods, and policy optimisation for large language models.

  • Dynamic programming
  • Policy gradients
  • Offline RL
117 pp Read Read-only
Bridge monograph · PhD & beyond

Bridge Monograph — Numerics of SPDEs

The road to the stochastic heat equation

From first pictures to the research frontier: weak solutions, finite elements, operator semigroups, stochastic calculus, Gaussian measures and SPDE discretisation. Prepared as a self-study spine.

  • Weak solutions
  • Finite elements
  • Itô calculus
59 pp Read Read-only
Sample report · Entrance

Sample Solutions Report

MM-20260721 · Sets · Units & Dimensions · Mole Concept

What the practice exam returns when you finish it: score, subject and topic breakdown, and a full worked solution for every one of the 125 questions.

  • CUET
  • Report
  • Worked solutions
16 pp Read Read-only